Arterioles are small blood vessels in the body that help transport blood from arteries to capillaries. Synonyms for arterioles include small arteries, arterial capillaries, and precapillary arterioles. Another synonym for arterioles is resistance vessels, which refer to the ability of these blood vessels to adjust their diameter in response to changes in blood pressure and other physiological factors. Arterioles also play a vital role in maintaining blood flow and regulating blood pressure throughout the body. Their narrow diameter and smooth muscle make them prime targets for interventions to address hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.