Provirus silencing is a mechanism in which a provirus, a viral genome that has integrated into the host genome, is suppressed in order to prevent the production of new virus particles. Other terms that can be used to describe this process include proviral latency, viral genome silencing, and retroviral quiescence. Provirus silencing can be achieved through a variety of molecular pathways, including epigenetic modifications of the host chromatin, post-transcriptional regulation of viral RNA, and inhibition of viral protein synthesis. Understanding the mechanisms of provirus silencing is crucial for the development of new therapies to combat retroviral infections, such as HIV/AIDS.